Tritium

Tritium is a radioactive isotope of hydrogen, designated by the symbol T or ³H. It consists of one proton and two neutrons in its nucleus, making it heavier than the most common hydrogen isotope, protium, which has no neutrons. Tritium is produced naturally in the atmosphere through cosmic ray interactions and can also be generated in nuclear reactors. Due to its radioactive properties, tritium emits beta particles as it decays into helium-3 over a half-life of approximately 12.3 years.

Tritium is used in various applications, including in nuclear fusion research, as a tracer in environmental studies, and in certain types of self-luminous devices such as exit signs and wristwatches. Its low levels of radioactivity and short half-life contribute to its relatively safe use in these contexts. However, tritium must be handled with caution to prevent exposure, especially in concentrated forms, as it can be incorporated into biological systems.